We compare in our latest Policy Brief the cost of RE vs fossil energy. We show that the transition to 100 % is cheaper and mitigate risk & loss and damage for Tanzania. We explore critical phatways towards energy access for all and how they aliging with sustainable development. Pathways towards attaining the goal of energy access for all are determined by the source used for power genera-tion which is Renewable Energy (RE) or Fossil fuel based ( i.e. coal, fossil gas and other fuels). The pathway selected is of importance as energy investments are expensive and last for many years therefore cannot be changed readily. Furthermore the pathway is accompanied by infrastruc-tures to support it such as grid infrastructure, pipelines and more, these infrastructure limit flexibility of changing path-ways in future. There are several scenarios, visions and policies envisioning a pathway for Tanzania towards energy access for all. The national energy policy 2015 envision a pathway of mixed RE and fossil-based fuel with significant RE contribution. Current guiding plan of the energy sector (Powers System Masterplan 2020: PSMP 2020) pathways is fossil fuel dominated by increasing role of coal and fossil gas in the energy mix meanwhile not appropriately plan-ning to increase the role of renewable energy. Most re-cent scenarios studies for Tanzanian energy futures show that a fast upscaling of renewable energy (RE) is more cost-effective than relying on fossil-fuel based pathway for en-hanced energy access(IRENA 2021, Clean Energy Transition Tanzania 2022).1 The use of RE is shown to be more cost effective at installation and operation with more affordable electricity and can effectively cater to the local challenge of energy access in rural areas. Learn more in our Policy Brief: https://cantz.or.tz/publications/23